Blog posts

Interest rates

Interest rates play a vital role in actuarial cash flow models by helping us figure out the value of money over time. In this blog post, we'll show you how to use interest rates in a Python cash flow model with a practical example.


List of content:

  1. Forward and spot rates
  2. Modelling

Forward and spot rates

Interest rates curve

Often, when we first learn about the time value …

Time

With actuarial cash flow models, we try to predict the future. The results of cash flow models are put on a timeline with future dates. In this post, we will discuss time in actuarial cash flow models.


List of content:

  1. Time in actuarial cash flow models
  2. Time-related formulas

Time in actuarial cash flow models

Timeline

Let's start with the beginning. Timeline starts at zero (\( t=0 \)) which reflects the valuation period. If the reporting period is the end …

Deterministic and stochastic models

Insurance companies rely on two main approaches for cash flow modelling: deterministic and stochastic. These models help estimate future liabilities of insurance products, guiding actuaries in predicting the future using historical data and expert judgment.


List of content:

  1. Deterministic vs stochastic
  2. Modelling example

Deterministic vs stochastic

Imagine predicting the future: one way is to follow the most likely path, while the other is like exploring various possible paths, akin to the multiverse concept in Spiderman, where multiple worlds have slightly different versions of Peter Parker.

  • Deterministic approach
Graph with one interest rates curve.

In the deterministic approach, we calculate the …

Actuarial model in the cloud

Welcome to the first post in our new series, "Cloud computing". In this series, we'll delve into the world of cloud computing and explore how it can be effectively utilized for actuarial purposes. In this post, our focus will be on running a cash flow model and saving the results in the cloud.


List of content:

  1. Introduction
  2. Prerequisities
  3. Solution

Introduction

Cloud computing delivers IT resources, such as servers, computing power, networking, and databases, over the internet on an "on-demand" basis. Leading cloud infrastructure providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud. For this guide, we'll use AWS …

Multiple life functions

In this blog post, we explore the topic of multiple life functions within actuarial science. Up until now, our focus has been on insurance products that revolved around the life of an individual. However, in this exploration, we direct our focus to insurance products that involve multiple insured persons. We'll begin by exploring the various types of such products and then roll up our sleeves to construct a basic model using Python, leveraging the cashflower package.


List of content:

  1. Multiple life functions
  2. The joint-life status
  3. The last-survivor status
  4. Modelling example

Multiple life functions

Expanding upon the concept of life insurance …