Blog posts

Annuity immediate vs annuity due

The main difference between an annuity immediate and an annuity due is when payments are made. For an annuity immediate, payments are received at the end of each period, while for an annuity due, payments are received at the beginning of each period.

It's also important to distinguish between annuities and life annuities. Regular annuities provide payments for a set period, whereas life annuities make payments only as long as the policyholder is alive.

Annuity immediate

In an annuity immediate, payments are made at the end of each period.

Present value

To find the present value of an annuity immediate, …

AI Chatbot for Actuarial Modelling

AI chatbots, such as ChatGPT, are shaping the way we work. Personally, I find them useful, especially for refreshing my memory on programming syntax.

Given that cashflower is an open-source package with documentation available online, I decided to explore if an AI assistant can be used to help with actuarial modelling. In this post, I will share my findings.

Knowledge cut-off date

AI assistants have a knowledge cut-off date, meaning they are trained with information up to a specific point in time. The cashflower package is relatively new, so the AI assistant might not know about it. Sometimes, AI can …

Actuarial model in the cloud

Welcome to the first post in our new series, "Cloud computing". In this series, we'll delve into the world of cloud computing and explore how it can be effectively utilized for actuarial purposes. In this post, our focus will be on running a cash flow model and saving the results in the cloud.


List of content:

  1. Introduction
  2. Prerequisities
  3. Solution

Introduction

Cloud computing delivers IT resources, such as servers, computing power, networking, and databases, over the internet on an "on-demand" basis. Leading cloud infrastructure providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud. For this guide, we'll use AWS …

Multiple life functions

In this blog post, we explore the topic of multiple life functions within actuarial science. Up until now, our focus has been on insurance products that revolved around the life of an individual. However, in this exploration, we direct our focus to insurance products that involve multiple insured persons. We'll begin by exploring the various types of such products and then roll up our sleeves to construct a basic model using Python, leveraging the cashflower package.


List of content:

  1. Multiple life functions
  2. The joint-life status
  3. The last-survivor status
  4. Modelling example

Multiple life functions

Expanding upon the concept of life insurance …

Actuarial optimization

In the world of actuarial science, we frequently encounter optimization problems. These challenges are most prevalent in the realm of pricing, where our goal is often to achieve a specific objective, such as expected profit. In this post, we will dive into a simple actuarial optimization problem and demonstrate how to solve it using two tools: Excel's Solver and Python.


List of content:

  1. Scenario
  2. Excel's Solver solution
  3. Python solution

Scenario

Let's consider a 3-year term policy with a net premium of €100. We aim to find a profit margin that yields a present value of premiums equal to €3000, assuming …